Beneficial Properties Research Articles

Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Alpaca Fibers Differing in Color

ABSTRACT Demand for alpaca fiber is subject to an increase, which is due to its beneficial properties. The study aimed to determine the differences in physical and mechanical properties, as well as heat insulation properties of alpaca fibers differing in color. The research material consisted of Huacaya alpaca fiber samples of white (W), light fawn (LF), medium fawn (MF), dark fawn (DF), and black (BLK) colors. The following properties were examined: diameter, comfort factor (CF), breaking force, elongation at break, tenacity and heat transfer rate. The finest fibers were found in W and DF fleece, while the coarsest ones in MF. CF was the highest in DF fibers. Breaking force LF varied between 6.4 (DF) and 11.7 cN (BLK), while elongation at break was 43.6 (LF) to 54.7% (BLK). No significant differences were found in case of tenacity. The best insulation properties were found for DF fibers. Correlations were confirmed between diameter and mechanical properties, and they differed slightly depending on colors.

Ti3AlC2 MAX Phase Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for the Fabrication of Hydrazine Sensor

Hydrazine is considered a powerful reducing agent and catalyst, showing diverse applications in agricultural industries, toxic degradation research, and wastewater management. Additionally, hydrazine can trigger some specific reactions when combined with suitable oxidants. Due to its highly polar nature, hydrazine can easily dissolve in alcohol, water, and various other polar solvents. Therefore, it can be extensively utilized in different areas of application and industries such as rocketry and various chemical applications. Despite its beneficial properties, hydrazine is unstable, posing significant risk due to its highly toxic nature. It is extremely hazardous to both human health and the environment. It can cause various illnesses and symptoms such as dizziness, temporary blindness, damage to the central nervous system, and even death when inhaled in sufficient quantities. Therefore, it is highly important to monitor the level of hydrazine to prevent its toxic and hazardous effects on human beings and the environment. In the present study, we discuss the simple fabrication of a disposable cost-effective and eco-friendly hydrazine sensor. We used a screen-printed carbon electrode, i.e., SPCE, as a base for the construction of a hydrazine sensor. The Ti3AlC2 MAX has been used as a suitable and efficient electrode material for the fabrication of disposable hydrazine sensors. We modified the active surface of the SPCE using a drop-casting approach. The resulting Ti3AlC2 MAX modified SPCE (Ti3AlC2@SPCE) has been utilized as an efficient and low-cost hydrazine sensor. Cyclic voltammetry, i.e., CV, and linear sweep voltammetry, viz., LSV, was employed as a sensing technique in this study. The optimization of pH and electrode material loading was conducted. The Ti3AlC2@SPCE exhibited excellent sensing performance toward hydrazine oxidation. A reasonable detection limit (0.01 µM) was achieved for hydrazine sensing. The fabricated sensor also demonstrated a reasonable linear range of 1–50 µM. This work provides the design and fabrication of simple disposable Ti3AlC2@SPCE as a suitable electrode for the determination of hydrazine using LSV technology.

Influence of structure-forming recipe ingredients on the quality of pumpkin marmalade

Analyzing the assortment of the market for marmalade products, it is worth noting that there is a tendency to introduce natural products in the form of vegetable or fruit puree into the recipe composition, as the demand for confectionery products for therapeutic, prophylactic, and functional purposes, as well as for products with dietary properties, is growing. This work aims to study the influence of structure-forming recipe ingredients on the quality of pumpkin jelly marmalade. Pumpkin puree was used as the primary raw material for producing jelly marmalade, food agar was used as a gelling agent, and natural honey was used as a sweetener. During the study, organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological quality indicators of semi-finished pumpkin products and finished marmalade samples were determined. The color assessment of the finished products was carried out using a colorimeter NR-UO (China). Pumpkin semi-finished and finished products meet regulatory documentation requirements regarding organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological quality indicators. When food agar is used as a gelling agent, the degree of color increases due to the transparency of the structure, and the red (+a*) and yellow (+b*) components in samples containing food agar are successfully combined and give the finished product an attractive orange color. To increase the nutritional -value, it is proposed to use cinnamon or coconut flakes, which have beneficial properties, to sprinkle the surface of finished products. The price for 1 kg of pumpkin jelly marmalade was: control sample - 335.46 rubles, “Məkhəbbət” with cinnamon - 748.85 rubles, “Məkhəbbət” with coconut flakes - 725.36 rubles. For a new type of confectionery products, regulatory and technical documentation STO, TI, RC 00493497-005-2022 “Halal” pumpkin jelly marmalade “Məkhəbbət” has been drawn up.

Potentialities of Tannase-Treated Green Tea Extract in Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications.

Green tea has garnered widespread interest in the past decades due to its content of health-beneficial polyphenols and catechins, besides reportedly exhibiting activities for the prevention, and possibly treatment, of many modern-life-associated afflictions. Hence, the functional food potential of health-beneficial beverages such as green tea is widely and commercially promoted. Biotransformation of green tea extract using enzymes such as tannase ostensibly enhances its beneficial well-being properties and disease-preventing functionalities. The tannase-treated green tea catechins may exhibit enhanced, amongst others, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-sarcopenia properties compared to native green tea extract. Nonetheless, the health benefits and therapeutic and toxicological effects associated with these compounds, before and after tannase treatment, present a scientific gap for detailed studies. Accordingly, the review surveys the literature from the late twentieth century until the year 2023 related to the aforementioned important aspects.

Towards sustainable, direct printed, organic transistors with biocompatible copolymer gate dielectrics

Towards sustainable, direct printed, organic transistors with biocompatible copolymer gate dielectrics

Structures and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Abilities of some Derivatives Bearing (Pyridin-2-yl)tetrazole Scaffold

Tetrazole derivatives are a prominent class of heterocycles that hold significant value in medicinal chemistry and drug design. Their importance stems from their bioisosteric resemblance to carboxylic acid and amide moieties and their favorable metabolic stability and other beneficial physicochemical properties. In light of this, novel derivatives bearing the (pyridine-2-yl)tetrazol scaffold were synthesized with the presence of acid, ester and amide moieties and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Through a three-step synthesis reaction initiated with 2-pyridine carbonitrile, compound IV was successfully obtained with II and III as the intermediates. All substances II - III - IV demonstrated inhibitory activity against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Notably, substance IV exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition, achieving 23,7 % at a concentration of 75 µM. Based on molecular docking simulations, compounds containing stronger nucleophilic substituents exhibit more robust AChE enzyme inhibitory activity due to a greater abundance of hydrogen bonds. This drug-likeness simulation and ADME prediction highlight the potential of tetrazole derivatives as a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

NATIVE CHARACTERIZATION AND QC PROFILING OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELL VESICULAR FRACTIONS FOR SECRETOME-BASED THERAPY

Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) have unique immunomodulatory properties making them attractive candidates for regenerative applications in inflammatory diseases. Most of their beneficial properties are mediated through their secretome. The bioactive factors concurring to its therapeutic activity are still unknown. Evidence suggests synergy between the two main components of the secretome, soluble factors and vesicular fractions, pivotal in shifting inflammation and promoting self-healing. Biological variability and the absence of quality control (QC) protocols hinder secretome-based therapy translation to clinical applications. Moreover, vesicular secretome contains a multitude of particles with varying size, cargos and functions whose complexity hinders full characterization and comprehension.This study achieved a significant advancement in secretome characterization by utilizing native, FFF-based separation and characterizing extracellular vesicles derived from hAMSCs. This was accomplished by obtaining dimensionally homogeneous fractions then characterized based on their protein content, potentially enabling the identification of subpopulations with diverse functionalities.This method proved to be successful as an independent technique for secretome profiling, with the potential to contribute to the standardization of a qualitative method. Additionally, it served as a preparative separation tool, streamlining populations before ELISA and LC-MS characterization. This approach facilitated the categorization of distinctive and recurring proteins, along with the identification of clusters associated with vesicle activity and functions. However, the presence of proteins unique to each fraction obtained through the FFF separation tool presents a challenge for further analysis of the protein content within these cargoes.

Phytoconstituents of Nymphaea rubra flowers and their anti-diabetic metabolic targets

Nymphaea rubra (N. rubra) flowers are prevalent in subtropical regions for both dietary and traditional medicinal purposes, attributing to their beneficial properties in supporting overall health. This study first time provides descriptions of the antidiabetic and dyslipidemic properties employing STZ induced high fat diet fed diabetic rats and inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity first by in vitro analyses, followed by a confirmatory in silico study to create a stronger biochemical rationale. Furthermore, in 3 T3-L1 cells, this extract promoted the suppression of adipogenesis. GC–MS investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of N. rubra flowers revealed the presence of marker compounds of N. rubra, Nuciferine, and Apomorphine, which were the focus of molecular docking studies. The acquired concentrations of Nuciferine (22.39%) and 10, 11-dimethoxy-Apomorphine (1.47%) were detected. Together with other alkaloids identified by GC–MS analysis from this extract, mechanistically suggested that it might be caused by the synergistic impact of these bioactive chemicals. Molecular docking has been done to check the binding affinities of various isolated phytochemicals with HPAA, the dose-response effect of 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of flower extract after 30 days showed a significant effect on body weight, food, water intake, serum insulin, FBG, OGTT, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, liver and kidney function test. Kidney histopathology results show a significant effect. These findings offer a strong foundation for the potential application of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract from Nymphaea rubra flowers and its bioactive constituent in an in vivo system for the treatment and control of diabetes and its associated condition dyslipidemia.

Can a functional cheese spread incorporating Akkermansia muciniphila deliver beneficial physicochemical and biological properties while enhancing probiotic stability and viability during aerobic storage and in vitro digestion?

In the present study, next generation probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila was incorporated into a dairy matrix containing Portuguese whey cheese and Greek-style yoghurt in a proportion of 3.5:1, respectively. Subsequently, this innovative food was characterized in terms of microbiological and physicochemical parameters, total phenolic content and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activities, as well as its protective effect on A. muciniphila viability during 21 d of refrigerated aerobic storage and when subjected to simulated gastrointestinal passage. The probiotic cheese spread displayed high microbiological quality, low total phenolic content (0.36 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dried cheese) and interesting biological activities, including antidiabetic (98.10% α-glucosidase inhibition) and antihypertensive (49.18% angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition). Simultaneously, this food ensured a high A. muciniphila viability (>108 CFU/g) during 21 d of refrigerated aerobic storage with subsequent in vitro digestion. Additionally, this probiotic cheese presented a similar profile in terms of texture, color, water activity and pH when compared to the cheese control (without A. muciniphila), suggesting a potentially high acceptance among consumers. In conclusion, the developed cheese spread seems to be a promising and suitable food vector to safeguard A. muciniphila viability during refrigerated aerobic storage for at least 21 d with subsequent gastrointestinal passage.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from pecan nutshell: An added-value and low-cost alternative for an industrial waste

The pecan nutshell [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) C. Koch] (PNS) is a source of bioactives with important beneficial properties for the human health. PNS represents between 40–50 % of total mass of the nut, resulting as waste without any added value for the food industry. Even though a variety of methods were already developed for bioactive extraction from this waste, unconventional methodologies, or those which apart from green chemistry principles, were discarded considering the cost of production, the sustainable development goals of United Nations and the feasibility of real inclusion of the technology in the food chain. Then, to add-value to this waste, a low-cost, green and easy-scalable extraction methodology was developed based on the determination of seven relevant factors by means of a factorial design and a Response Surface Methodology, allowing the extraction of bioactives with antioxidant capacity. The pecan nutshell extract had a high concentration of phenolic compounds (166 mg gallic acid equivalents-GAE/g dry weight-dw), flavonoids (90 mg catechin equivalent-CE/g dw) and condensed tannins (189 mg CE/g dw) −related also to the polymeric color (74.6 %)-, with high antioxidant capacities of ABTS+. radical inhibition (3665 µmol Trolox Equivalent-TE/g dw) and of iron reduction (1305 µmol TE/g dw). Several compounds associated with these determinations were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, such as [Epi]catechin-[Epi]catechin-[Epi]gallocatechin, myricetin, dihydroquercetins, dimers A and B of protoanthocyanidins, ellagitannins and ellagic acid derivatives. Hence, through the methodology developed here, we obtained a phenolic rich extract with possible benefits for human health, and of high industrial scalability for this co-product transformation.

Current Advances in Production and Drying Technologies of Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin, a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein present in milk, exhibits a remarkable array of beneficial properties, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Its potential as a novel food and nutritional supplement has sparked substantial interest among researchers and the industry. This review summarizes the recent research progress on the physiological functions of lactoferrin, and summarizes various technological advances in the separation and purification of lactoferrin. Furthermore, it conducts a detailed comparative analysis of various production and drying methods, providing fresh insights and a robust theoretical framework for advancing lactoferrin-related applications. The development of cost-effective and efficient lactoferrin production techniques holds paramount importance, as it plays a pivotal role in accelerating industrial lactoferrin production and driving growth in the dairy industry.

Gram-scale microwave-assisted synthesis of high-quality CsPbBr3 nanocrystals for optoelectronic applications

Fully inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications due to their beneficial properties such as their amenability to solution processing, high absorption coefficients, and high quantum yields. Various methods have been developed to prepare perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) NCs; however, large-scale synthesis with high-quality CsPbX3 NCs remains challenging. In the study, we report an advanced method for the gram-scale synthesis of all-inorganic perovskite NCs via specially designed microwave-assisted synthesis, which offers uniform reaction energy transfer, excellent reproducibility, and flexible parameter tuning. The composition, size and uniformity of the CsPbBr3 NCs have been optimized by controlling the surfactant ratio, precursor ratio, and reaction time. This systematic optimization leads to the production of gram-scale (> 0.165 g per a 100 ml reaction mixture for a single synthesis cycle) high-quality, phase-pure CsPbBr3 NCs with a uniform size of ∼ 10 nm. These optimized NCs exhibit a sharp photoluminescence peak centered at 515 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 94 % and produce excellent radioluminescence under X-ray irradiation. To test the feasibility of these NCs for use in real optoelectronic devices, a photodetector consisting of CsPbBr3 NCs and monolayer MoS2 was fabricated, demonstrating enhanced photosensitivity and a faster response time compared with a pure MoS2-based photodetector. The proposed gram-scale microwave-assisted synthesis method thus has the potential to promote the commercialization of metal halide perovskite NCs through cost-effective mass production for use in many optoelectronic applications.

Lévy Flight Model of Gaze Trajectories to Assist in ADHD Diagnoses

The precise mathematical description of gaze patterns remains a topic of ongoing debate, impacting the practical analysis of eye-tracking data. In this context, we present evidence supporting the appropriateness of a Lévy flight description for eye-gaze trajectories, emphasizing its beneficial scale-invariant properties. Our study focuses on utilizing these properties to aid in diagnosing Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, in conjunction with standard cognitive tests. Using this method, we found that the distribution of the characteristic exponent of Lévy flights statistically is different in children with ADHD. Furthermore, we observed that these children deviate from a strategy that is considered optimal for searching processes, in contrast to non-ADHD children. We focused on the case where both eye-tracking data and data from a cognitive test are present and show that the study of gaze patterns in children with ADHD can help in identifying this condition. Since eye-tracking data can be gathered during cognitive tests without needing extra time-consuming specific tasks, we argue that it is in a prime position to provide assistance in the arduous task of diagnosing ADHD.

Canine Mycotoxicosis–A Comprehensive Literature Review

Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that possess multiple beneficial properties for human, animal, and ecological health, including the degradation of environmental pollutants, agricultural research, and medicinal and pharmaceutical therapies. Despite these vital applications, certain fungi are responsible for the death of many each year, with untold financial implications. Penitrems, aflatoxins, citrinin, ochratoxins, among others, are mycotoxins, or secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that may cause a clinically significant toxic response (mycotoxicosis) when ingested by animals. These mycotoxins are naturally occurring contaminants and appear in widely consumed feedstuffs. Dogs are unusually susceptible to their hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, and carcinogenic effects. Mycotoxins are rapidly absorbed in canines, and with high morbidity and mortality rates, treatment is mainly supportive, and euthanasia (or death) is often elected. This paper comprehensively reviewed the current literature on mycotoxins, specifically tremorgenic mycotoxins, aflatoxins, and ochratoxins in companion animals, with a primary emphasis on canines. Electronic databases were reviewed for published articles between 1969 and the present, and 50 articles were identified for inclusion. Our review suggests a widespread gap in information on the diagnosis and treatment of companion animal mycotoxicosises and the risk of chronic exposure to mycotoxin contamination of dog food is underexplored. And given that signs may masquerade as a variety of diseases, it is postulated that mycotoxicoses have a far greater prevalence than what has been consistently thought. There is a need to create standardized diagnostic means and reporting to eliminate inconsistencies in treatment strategies and improve patient survival outcomes.

Toxicity and Teratogenic Potential of Piplartine from Piper tuberculatum Jacq. during Embryonic Development in Mice (Mus musculus)

Piplartine, also known as piperlongumine, is a natural and biologically active amide alkaloid found in various Piper species within the Piperaceae family. It possesses numerous beneficial properties that can be leveraged in the development of nanotechnological and pharmaceutical products. However, information on the effects of piplartine on mammalian embryonic development is scarce. This study aims to assess the general toxicity and teratogenic potential of piplartine during the embryonic development of mice. Pregnant mice received daily treatments of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of piplartine via gavage from the sixth day of gestation (implantation) to the eighteenth. On the eighteenth day, the mice were euthanized, and whole organs, blood samples (for hematological and biochemical analyses), and bone marrow cells (for DNA fragmentation and cell cycle assays) were collected. The uterus was examined for implantation sites and embryo resorptions. Additionally, fetuses were collected to assess for fetal anomalies. Piplartine did not result in maternal or embryo-fetal toxicity, induce fetal anomalies, cause hematological and biochemical alterations, or lead to DNA fragmentation. The oral administration of piplartine is safe and does not exhibit toxicity or teratogenic effects in mice. This finding opens avenues for the development of piplartine-based biotechnological products for therapeutic interventions in disease treatment.

Assessing the influence of micelle silymarin on laying hens' performance, egg quality, water loss and blood profile.

Micelle silymarin (MS) is known for its various beneficial properties, including antiswelling, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic effects. The primary goal of this research was to investigate how MS impacts the performance, egg quality, water loss and blood profile of laying hens. 288 Hy-Line brown laying hens, 28 weeks in age, were utilized for this experiment. The hens were randomly allocated into three dietary treatment groups, with each group comprising eight replicates of 12 hens, each housed in individual pens with access to feed and water. Over a 12-week feeding trial, the hens were provided with a basal diet supplemented with different levels of MS: 0%, 0.03% and 0.06%. The results indicated that the inclusion of MS in the hens' diet did not have a significant impact on their performance (p > 0.05). However, Haugh units, egg weight and eggshell strength showed a linear improvement (p < 0.05) throughout the entire trial period with MS supplementation. Furthermore, there was a linear decrease in egg yolk colour and eggshell thickness showed linear improvements (p < 0.05), particularly during Week 8, with MS supplementation. Moreover, layers fed diet supplemented with MS showed a linear increased (p < 0.05) in albumen height and eggshell thickness in Week 12. In addition, egg water loss during Week 12, the third day of incubation, linearly decreased as an effect of the increasing level of the MS in the laying hen's diet (p < 0.05). Regarding blood profile parameters, the study revealed a tendency for alkaline phosphatase to decrease, whereas aspartate aminotransferase and cholesterol levels were linearly decreased (p < 0.05). In summary, increasing the level of MS supplementation in the diet of laying hens appeared to be beneficial in improving egg quality, slight improvement for egg water loss and certain aspects of blood profile parameters, without adversely affecting the hens' growth performance.

A Review on New Approaches in Dragon Fruit Production, Nutraceutical Insights and Morphological Dynamics

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.)  is recently introduced amazing fruit in India, its cultivation gaining popularity because of its high nutritional value and antioxidant property. Recently, it drawn the much attention of the Indian consumers owing to its pleasant flavour, colour, with their attractive appearance, tremendous health and nutritional benefits. Dragon fruit extracts from stems, flowers, peels and pulps have beneficial biological properties against pathogenic microbes like bacteria, fungi and viruses as well as diseases like diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and cancer. Now a days, Indian growers are much interested in its cultivation due to its promising yield, easy cultivation, great commercial potential, which increases the economical status of the farmers. The area under cultivation is insufficient to fulfill the requirement of peoples hence, there is a need to increase dragon fruit production in India. At present, a very few information is available on production aspects of dragon fruit this review papers is dealt with the knowledge regarding the botany, nutritional composition, uses, health benefits, species, cultivation aspects of dragon fruit based on recent updates of some of the research findings.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of indanone derivative isolated from Fernandoa adenophylla in vitro and in silico studies

Fernandoa adenophylla, due to the presence of phytochemicals, has various beneficial properties and is used in folk medicine to treat many conditions. This study aimed to isolate indanone derivative from F. adenophylla root heartwood and assess in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic characteristics at varying concentrations. Heat-induced hemolysis and glucose uptake by yeast cells assays were conducted to evaluate these properties. Besides, docking analyses were performed on four molecular targets. These studies were combined with molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the time-evolving inhibitory effect of selected inhibitors within the active pockets of the target proteins (COX-1 and COX-2). Indanone derivative (10–100 µM) inhibited the lysis of human red blood cells from 9.12 ± 0.75 to 72.82 ± 4.36% and, at 5–100 µM concentrations, it significantly increased the yeast cells’ glucose uptake (5.16 ± 1.28% to 76.59 ± 1.62%). Concluding, the isolated indanone might act as an anti-diabetic agent by interacting with critical amino acid residues of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and it showed a binding affinity with anti-inflammatory targets COX-1, COX-2, and TNF-α. Besides, the obtained results may help to consider the indanone derivative isolated from F. adenophylla as a promising candidate for drug delivery, subject to outcomes of further in vivo and clinical studies.

Pharmacological Potential of Kaempferol, a Flavonoid in the Management of Pathogenesis via Modulation of Inflammation and Other Biological Activities.

Natural products and their bioactive compounds have been used for centuries to prevent and treat numerous diseases. Kaempferol, a flavonoid found in vegetables, fruits, and spices, is recognized for its various beneficial properties, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. This molecule has been identified as a potential means of managing different pathogenesis due to its capability to manage various biological activities. Moreover, this compound has a wide range of health-promoting benefits, such as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-diabetic, and has a role in maintaining eye, skin, and respiratory system health. Furthermore, it can also inhibit tumor growth and modulate various cell-signaling pathways. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that this compound has been shown to increase efficacy when combined with other natural products or drugs. In addition, kaempferol-based nano-formulations are more effective than kaempferol treatment alone. This review aims to provide detailed information about the sources of this compound, its bioavailability, and its role in various pathogenesis. Although there is promising evidence for its ability to manage diseases, it is crucial to conduct further investigations to know its toxicity, safety aspects, and mechanism of action in health management.

Microbial Preservation and Contamination Control in the Baking Industry

The required processes and steps for making bread include technological and innovative concepts. The current trend is the use of less toxic compounds and green methods. Besides lactic acid bacteria and yeast, other microorganisms with unique properties, such as enzymes, new aromas and flavors, exopolysaccharides, and vitamins, among other compounds with beneficial properties, could be added to bread manufacture, improving bread quality and health effects for the consumers. The preservation of microbial cultures and starters is crucial in bread-making. New encapsulation methods, cryoprotectants, spray-drying, fluidized bed drying, and vacuum drying are employed for microorganism cultures that will be used as starters or biological additives in fermentation. A development is observed in the antimicrobial methods used as bread preservatives, and studies with plant extracts and essential oils have been proposed and introduced, replacing chemical agents, such as propionate, within the clean-label bread formulations concept. Baking science is a growing research line that incorporates innovative methods, biological additives, new methods, and processes focusing on microbiological protection.